Bankruptcy rules require debtors to give the names and addresses of their creditors so that the creditors can receive notice of the bankruptcy proceedings. Some creditors may have obtained a civil court judgment against the debtor. And often those judgment creditors were represented by an attorney in the case that led to the judgment. In…

Collections actions involving the sale of goods often include two varieties of “account” claims in addition to traditional breach of contract theories: “account stated” and “open account.” Generally, an account stated claim alleges the failure to pay an agreed-upon balance, while an open account claim alleges an agreement to hold open a line of credit…

The Michigan legislature cannot change public employees’ compensation without input from the State Civil Service Commission. Pension contributions are part of an employee’s compensation. Consequently, the Michigan legislature violated Michigan’s Constitution by altering pension contributions for public employees without input from the Commission. This, in a nutshell, was the Court of Appeals’ conclusion in Michigan…